Society and Sexuality

The title of this article is likely to provoke many … … sarcasms etc., as many people falsely believe that sex, … the soul are at opposite ends of a … It is inc

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The title of this article is likely to provoke many feelings,Sex and the Soul Articles thoughts, sarcasms etc., as many people falsely believe that sex, spirituality,
and the soul are at opposite ends of a continuum. It is incredibly sad that something so beautiful and intrinsic in our nature is so poorly
understood and completely obliterated in our society. Most of us are taught from an early age that the body is dirty, sex is bad and that
we shouldn’t touch our genitals. Somewhere along the line we developed this inaccurate perception that sex and spirituality are separate
and that in order to be spiritual you need to be asexual and that you are a better person if you divorce yourself from your sexual energy,
feelings, desires, and needs and that spirituality is somehow superior to sexuality.

These attitudes are in complete contradiction to what is natural and healthy. It is like cutting off one of your legs and trying to run. We
are taught to suppress our sexuality and to feel shame for being a sexual being and therefore this creates the problematic patterns we see
associated with sex in our society such as excessive sex partners, violence, dissatisfaction with ones sex life, sexual confusion,
degradation, incest, addiction that are practically an epidemic. We have created a society with two sexual extremes and very few people
are able to find a healthy medium. At one end we have people with very few or no limits where meaningless sex, addiction, violence,
rape, incest, degradation etc. occurs and at the other end we have people with very rigid limits who are afraid of sex, who are
uncomfortable even talking about it, who don’t know even know what arouses them, who think it is dirty and bad and should be hidden
and or not engaged in. The common thread in both of these extremes is shame. People at both ends of the continuum are experiencing
shame but exhibit it in different ways. These are prime examples of what happens when we disconnect our soul from our sexual selves.

One of the factors that cause sex to create such great difficulty in our relationships is because sexual energy and spiritual energy feel very
similar. Sometimes it is difficult to tell the two apart. They often overlap. Because our society doesn’t encourage awareness or
understanding of either one of these energies we are left to try and figure them out ourselves and in our ignorance we develop patterns
that are unhealthy. Sex is very spiritual and spirituality can feel very sexual at times. I also believe this is one of the factors that makes
sex addictive, as I believe all addictions are really a search for the spiritual. Addictive substances and activities give us that incredible
whole, at one with the universe, complete, euphoric feeling that spirituality makes us feel. Because it feels so wonderful, we want to feel
it over and over so we keep doing the substance or activity. After awhile we need more and more of the substance or activity to have
the same feeling. We are not taught that these incredible spiritual feelings can be achieved on a regular basis through developing deep
healthy relationships with the universe, others and ourselves.

Sex is not bad, dirty, unhealthy and the root of these problems. It is the separation of sex from our souls and suppression of sexual
energy that creates these problems. It is the lack of understanding and awareness of our sexual energy and the ignorance that that this
creates that causes to act in ways that our troublesome and destructive. Being taught to suppress and divorce our sexual energy
separates us from a vital piece of our spirituality. Our whole survival is dependant upon sex as well as being one of the most pleasurable
experiences we can have and one of the most spiritual experiences one can have when in the context of love and respect. Sexuality is a
core ingredient of our spiritual make up. By continually trying to suppress sexuality we are only throwing fuel on the fire. The solution
is to explore and embrace our sexual energy, thoughts, feelings, and fantasies. Reclaim our sexuality and reconnect it to our souls. Get
it out in the open. Part of the reason destructive sexual forces have so much power is because of the suppression and shame. Problems
loose their power when brought out in the open and dealt with directly.

So how do we shed ourselves of years of negative conditioning and develop a healthier attitude, reconnect our souls with our sexuality
and celebrate our sexual selves. Well to begin with and to ensure that our next generation will be a more sexually enlightened group of
people we start by teaching our children. From a very early age we help them to develop a healthy appreciation and respect for their
bodies and promote a healthy attitude towards masturbation. We talk freely and openly with them about sex without shame. We
encourage them to talk to us and ask questions. We teach them the difference between healthy and unhealthy sex. We teach them that
sex is human, healthy and sacred and not just a physical act.

My personal belief is that healthy soul-satisfying sex takes place between two people who connect on many levels and do or are on their
way to care about each other. In my experience the deeper the relationship and the deeper the spiritual connection is then the more
fantastic and spiritual the sex will be. Healthy spiritual sex can also occur by yourself if you are without partner by deepening your
relationship with yourself. Meaningless or casual sex usually results in feelings of emptiness, unfulfillment, and shame. It takes us
further away from our souls and leaves us searching for more in someone else. In my opinion, great sex requires, deep spiritual
connections, deep intellectual connections, communication and as the relationship evolves trust will become an issue. Sometimes we
meet someone and have an instant attraction. In this instance great sex can occur quickly, but if deepening of the spiritual and intellectual
connection, communication and trust are not nurtured then this attraction will diminish and die. These things can only be developed over
time and therefore the deeper the trust, the connection and communication is then the less inhibitions we will have and the freer we will
become in enjoying our sexual experiences. The sex will become even more explosive and we will be able achieve new heights of
passion and fulfillment we didn’t know existed. The depth of relationships has no limit except those that we bring to it with our own
fears and issues and therefore if we allow the relationship to grow and deepen there will always be another higher level of great sex to be
achieved.

I understand that many people are comfortable with casual sex and that especially in adolescents, young adulthood and phases of
adulthood such as after divorce that it may be necessary to experiment , retaliate or be reckless to find ones way and learn. Ultimately I
believe that what we find is that the most fulfilling sex is that which is explored with someone we care about, but we may have to go
down many roads and go through many experiences to learn this for ourselves. So while we are on this journey or when we are with
our loving partner I believe there are basic tenets we should teach our children and abide by ourselves to promote spiritual, respectful,
ethical sex. Those tenets are:
· Respect
· Neither party should be hurt physically
· No coercion
· Honesty
· Both parties should agree upon the activity engaged in
· Communication
· Both parties should want the same result. (Ex. If you are looking for just sex then you should not have sex with someone you know is
looking for a relationship. )

Other steps you can take to continue to celebrate your sexuality may include beginning to tell yourself different messages. Tell yourself
that sex is great, wonderful, good and spiritual. Find some good books on healthy sexuality and erotica and read, read, read. Visit some
websites. Do everything you can to educate yourself. It will probably take a long time to override the old voices in your head and you
may need to hear the new messages over and over. It may be helpful to talk to someone like an advisor or an educator to help validate
your new messages. Try to find friends who are on the journey of understanding their sexuality or who are comfortable with sex that you
can share this aspect of yourself with freely.

Explore your own body and discover what you like and what you don’t. Find what excites you and what doesn’t. What feels good and
what doesn’t. Make love with yourself. If you have a partner, let your partner know what you need and want and when you become
comfortable with it, then allow your partner to watch you while you fulfill yourself. This can be very arousing for both partners and it
teaches you both new things about each other’s bodies.

Be adventurous. Be aware. Be present in the here and now. Allow yourself to become immersed in the sexual experience. Open
yourself up and fully experience each touch, sensation, smell, movement, sound and taste while you are making love with yourself or
your lover. Tune into your body and soul and listen to the yearnings of your soul; they will guide you. Be willing to try new things
even if they feel foreign or scary.

Get naked outside and make wild passionate love. Personally I believe that there is not anything more arousing and spiritual than to be
naked outside and make love with the feel of the elements upon your body. There is something incredibly freeing about it and it elicits
uninhibited passions. It takes you back to the primal basics. This can be done either by yourself or with partner.

Communicate. Communicate. Communicate. This cannot be emphasized enough. Talk to your lover about your feelings, needs,
wants. Express your fears, inhibitions and embarrassments as well as your fantasies and expectations. If you are without partner then
get to know yourself completely from the inside out. Not only will this enhance your sexual experience, but will make life more fulfilling
in general and if the time comes to be with a partner again then you will be a better lover and better able to enjoy the experience fully.
If you are with partner then get to know yourself and your lover from the inside out.

Sex is one of the most powerful spiritual experiences we can experience. It should be celebrated and honored for the magnificent gift that
it is. Reclaim your sexuality. Experience the wonder and joy of soul-satisfying sex. Your soul will thank you.

The term … is a … term. Usually, when one mentions … the first thought in many people’s minds is that of … While religion is an aspect of … spi

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The term “spirituality” is a confusing term. Usually,Two Types of Spirituality … Faith and Knowledge Articles when one mentions “spirituality”, the first thought in many people’s minds is that of “religion”. While religion is an aspect of spirituality, spirituality is not an aspect of religion. Spirituality covers other areas of belief as well. Put simply, spirituality is the all-encompassing arena of “belief in something greater.” This can be a god, oneself as the greater being, or simply, the life-force or essence that surrounds us all. But, society and religion lead their followers in many different directions replacing the core meanings with moralistic and idealistic terms in hopes of garnering attention by answering those “big questions” pertaining to life, death, the after-life, and a god.

— Faith vs. Knowledge —

While many religious zealots view the idea of knowledge-based spirituality as “agnostic”, indeed, it is not. As a matter of fact, even agnosts believe in something, which provides them an alternative stance to organized religion and gods. You have to believe in something to take a stance!

Faith-based spirituality is the belief and trust that things will be as they will be in the future. It is the acceptance of the “great mysteries” of life and death for which religion and society teaches that there are no “definitive answers.” Such an approach to spirituality creates a fear-based environment based on gods who are vindictive and uncaring. Believers place their lives into the hands of an unseen being in the hope that all will “work out for the best.”

Knowledge-based spirituality is the understanding and kinship of all and the desire to achieve and progress through life toward one’s own Vision and goals. The “great mysteries” become topics of personal research and, with an open mind, answers can be acquired from the environment and the Universe. This type of spirituality invites one to set aside fears and examine the information and entities of the surrounding environment. One has the chance to take life into one’s own hands and guide it along a path to one’s own desires.

— Hatred and Faith —

One of the problems of today is that, in our world, wars, hatred, and bias begin in the moral grounds established by religion and society. Religion creates a solid separation between different factions of humanity. These factions take the core ideals of society and mutate them to suit the needs of their particular beliefs. In the end, when societal boundaries are breached, and control languishes over the ranks, uprisings and bitter conflicts begin to restore order. The stronger of the factions wins and forces their beliefs on the weaker.

In faith-based factions, fear is instilled and faith that a great hereafter exists. People fight to maintain their beliefs because they’ve finally “forced” their conscious minds to accept the unanswered questions based on invisible and unfounded guesses by their “noblemen”. The battles are fought to ensure that their foundations and comfort zones are not affected by the infidels of the intruding factions.

However, with knowledge-based factions, fear is minimized and the great hereafter is right here and now and continues on forever. Knowledge provides the mind with a greater degree of processing information arriving at our many senses in many contexts. It allows us to look beyond the basics and outside of the accepted “comfort zones” to comprehend the ideas and ideals of other entities, both physical and spiritual.

— Opening Your Mind —

As part of our being, we all have the need to believe in something greater than ourselves. There is a part of us that “has to belong.” Many people fall deeply into organized religion because it provides the camaraderie and a focal point for their community as well as a basis for the moral code of the community. These, in addition to the faith-based answers to the “big questions”, provide a comfort zone and a foundation for many. However, by opening one’s mind and examining the many facets behind these “big questions”, one can develop and acquire the true answers within one’s own context.

What is the key? Context-free rationalization. Of course, “context-free” is a little strong as we must all have a context, or a point of reference, that we can use to compare information and apply our rules and belief systems. However, open experience and vast knowledge can provide us with multiple contexts that we can use to devise a wider view of a particular piece of information. This wider view is what is called an “open mind”. The open mind has no safety zone as it is always risking it’s “comfort zones” in search of new information and new ways of examining situations and other beings.

— What’s next? —

Acquiring this knowledge and ability to move across many contexts is not a simple task as it requires the ability to acquire, accept, and process information outside of our current context. It is a “chicken or the egg” situation; however, it is a decision that we make as humans to initiate such a move.

By opening our minds and perceptions, we allow our conscious minds the ability to communicate more freely with our subconscious minds. In doing so, the vast amounts of information available in the collective unconscious, “The Grid”, “The Universal Library” is available to us, simply by “looking.” Consider the idea of opening the mind as a primer for what follows once you are able to use your mind to its fullest capabilities and acquire immeasurable knowledge from all entities across the Universe and throughout time.

This is the true meaning of spirituality. The knowledge and desire to exist with and within the Universal essence. To accept and acquire knowledge that is freely available to you through time and space. Finally, the knowledge to use this information in a way that is beneficial to you, as protecting and projecting yourself, you are providing a pathway for others and the betterment of your communities.

— About the Author —

Edward B. Toupin is an author, publisher, life-strategy coach, counselor, Reiki Master, technical writer, and PhD Candidate living in Las V

This article explores how media education partnerships will help institutions in the MENA and the U.S. provide culturally-appropriate education to their students, and the positive impact of each partnerships’ faculty and students being exposed to media, journalism and communication students and practitioners from other cultures and nations.

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Often the most fleeting contact with international visitors can have a far-reaching and unforeseen impact. Drawing from the authors’ media teaching,Building a Shared Vision: Developing and Sustaining Media Education Partnerships in the Middle East Articles research, and practice in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the article addresses the inspiring and enriching cultural impact of media education partnerships between the U.S. and the MENA. The article outlines keys to creating and sustaining successful media, journalism and communication university partnerships, reporting specifically on an international media education collaboration in progress between l’Institut de Presse et des Sciences de l’Information (IPSI), University of Manouba, Tunis and Bowling Green State University. The article also explores how media education partnerships will help institutions in the MENA and the U.S. provide culturally-appropriate education to their students, and the positive impact of each partnerships’ faculty and students being exposed to media, journalism and communication students and practitioners from other cultures and nations. It gives evidence as to how media education partnerships can not only develop professional standards in media, but also build capacity to strengthen democratic practices, build civil society, increase critical thinking and awareness, minimize and manage conflicts, fight negative stereotypes that often emerge as a reaction to governmental and corporate media discourses.

An increased attention to the growth of civil society in the Middle East and North Africa (see, for instance, Amin & Gher, 2000; Bellin, 1995; Borowiec, 1998; Brand, 1998; Darwish, 2003) reveals that civic discourse functions best where there is free access to information and where unhindered discussions allow citizens to examine all sides of civic issues. Because information and communication technology (ICT), media, and journalism are some of the most important sites for civic debate, they are essential partners in any nation’s efforts towards enhancing civil society. As nations in the Middle East and North Africa MENA continue to enhance civil society, it is imperative that their journalists and media and communication professionals have the professional training and dedication to maintain the highest codes of conduct and practice that will make them integral components in the process of building civil society.

At present, however, media critics have shown that the professional activity of journalists in MENA countries is still very vulnerable (Amin, 2002, p. 125). As an expected consequence, MENA education programs in the communication discipline, most notably in news media, journalism, telecommunications and media technologies, have tended to support powerful institutions and individuals, rather than civic discourse and the voices of students as citizens (Amin, 2002; Rugh, 2004; Lowstedt, 2004). For example, investigation on media systems in eighteen nations in the MENA (Rugh, 2004) revealed that radio and television in all these countries, excepting Lebanon, are still subordinated to powerful institutions. There have been several recent international summits acknowledging these concerns. For example, the 2004 conference of the Institute of Professional Journalists in Beirut on “Media Ethics and Journalism in the Arab World: Theory, Practice and Challenges Ahead”, had as one of its main themes the pressures on Arab media and journalists from local governments and other powerful players inside the Arab world. During the Arab International Media Forum held at Doha, in March 2005, workshop discussions underlined that the Arab media’s independence have yet to be established within countries where the media have been strictly controlled. And, perhaps the most important summit thus far this millennium, the United Nations World Summit on the Information Society (UN WSIS), held in Tunis, November 2005, addressed the immense challenges of the digital divide and other concerns in the MENA.

Investigating educational partnerships in the MENA

As evidenced by summits on Arab, MENA and related global media, there is an emergent body of research on MENA media (see, for instance, Amin, 2002; Cassara & Lengel, 2004; Darwish, 2003; George & Souvitz, 2003; Lowstedt, 2004) and of research on the potential for media technologies generally and, specifically, in efforts to democratize the region (see for instance, Alterman, 1998; Dunn, 2000; Hamada, 2003; Isis International, 2003; Lengel, 2002a; Lengel, 2002b; Lengel, 2004; Lengel, Ben Hamza, Cassara, & El Bour, 2005). However, there is very little research focusing on the benefits and challenges of media education partnerships between nations in the MENA and those outside it. A broad-scale evaluation of the current situation of MENA media education is needed to fully assess the financial, pedagogical and attitudinal constraints found across the region. Additionally, what is needed is an exploration of how cooperation and collaboration, partnerships between the MENA and other regions to develop educational partnerships which can enhance media education in the region, through shared online resources, shared experience, mutual commitment to MENA media students’ academic and professional development, and positive interaction between those within and outside the region.

This article addresses such research needs by investigating the potential for partnerships in the MENA. It presents key components for creating and sustaining successful university partnerships in media, journalism, and communication. It also explores how media education partnerships can help universities within and outside the MENA to provide culturally-appropriate education and training to their media, journalism, telecommunications, new media, and communication students, develop innovative online and distance learning initiatives, cultivate a community of practice, and foster a positive impact of each partnerships’ faculty and students being exposed to those media instructors, researchers, students, and practitioners from other cultures and nations. The article reports specifically on a media partnership in progress between l’Institut de Presse et des Sciences de l’Information (IPSI) at the University of Manouba in Tunis, Tunisia and Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. It focuses on the experiences of the faculty co-directing the partnership in media, journalism and international communication, particularly the process of developing and sustaining the partnership. The article reflects on the future vision of media education in the MENA, particularly the challenges and the future of investment in the media education by governments, educational institutions, and civil society and media organizations within and outside the region. Finally, it analyzes how media education partnerships can not only develop professional standards in media, but also build capacity to strengthen democratic practices, build civil society, increase critical thinking and awareness, minimize and manage conflicts, fight negative stereotypes that emerge as a result of the often inattentive, insensitive and inaccurate nature of governmental and corporate media discourses.

Partnerships and civil society building

Citizens, scholars, practitioners and civil society organizations argue much needs to be done to democratize media, journalism and unrestricted access to information and communication technology in the MENA (see Camau & Geisser, 2003; Cassara & Lengel, 2004; Chouikha, 2002; Newsom & Lengel, 2003; Tetreault, 2000). An important place to begin this transformation is to foster educational collaboration within and outside the MENA that recognizes the role that a free and independent media plays in transition to building democracy and which understands that journalists can serve as models of participants in democratic processes.

As MENA nations engage in building civil society, it will be critical that journalists in the region have not only the skills they need to do their work well, but also the insights necessary to negotiate the challenges posed by democratization. These insights are enhanced by international exchange. The ever-growing presence of information and communication technology (ICT) and the additional resources and challenges that ICT offers journalists and citizens alike create even more opportunities for democratic dialogue and international exchange (Eickelman & Anderson, 1999).

Because democratic dialogue is a hallmark of civil societies, exchange and dialogue between two international partners is at the heart of the international collaborative program “Capacity Building for a Democratic Press: A Sustainable Partnership to Develop Media and Journalism Curricula in Tunisia.” The program, which was launched in 2004 with a two-year funding commitment from the Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI),1 highlights a hands-on practicum approach in which l’Institut de Presse et des Sciences de l’Information, University of Manouba, Tunis students benefit from practical professional journalism skills through internships with U.S. and MENA media organizations and engage in interactive and practical training in media and journalistic production and practice. This media educational partnership is creating sustainable core curriculum additions at the Tunisian partnership university including new program specializations in Women, Media and Democracy, as well as in Journalism and Human Rights. It is important to note that IPSI is the only press institute or program of study in Tunisia and, arguably, the only one in North Africa.

The partnership combines in-person and online contact between IPSI and BGSU faculty and the students with the cultural knowledge and both traditional university learning environments on the two campuses, and online through Blackboard, the BGSU online course delivery program. The project serves both undergraduate and graduate students at both partnership universities, enhances faculty instruction and online and face-to-face curriculum development, and creates sustainable and wide-reaching partnerships between academic institutions, civil society and NGOs, the private sector, and policy makers.

Developing a community of practice: Keys to successful media education partnerships

The most successful partnerships cooperate and collaborate as a community of practice. What brings members of a community of practice together is a shared vision and goals, and a passion for mutual dialogue (Preston & Lengel, 2004). Respect for human worth and dignity, individual voices, and wrestling with complex social issues are characteristics of democratic environments (Kubow & Fossum, 2003; Kubow & Kinney, 2000; Kubow, 1999).

Communities of practice are emerging as important bases for creating, sharing, and applying knowledge. These communities share ideas and innovations, collaborating across traditional hierarchical structures and geophysical boundaries. Part of the mission of the partnership discussed in this article is to maintain a sustainable community of practice in the area of media, journalism, communication and ICT. In this partnership a diverse and committed group of media, journalism, communication technology, comparative/international education and democratic education researchers, teachers, practitioners and students are engaging in the examination and creation of democratic media and online civic discourse. Through face-to-face meetings, online learning, several workshops in both the US and Tunisia, and participation in and reporting on the UN World Summit on the Information Society, the community of practice supports the concepts surrounding the development of a free and independent media and will internationalize and professionalize media institutions in the U.S. and Tunisia, and, more broadly across the MENA.

The partnership transcends traditional university course work and practice to become an actual community, sustainable beyond the 24-month schedule of grant-supported activities. Because of the commitment of the participating institutions, the community will sustain and grow through further curriculum development, research and related activities involving additional partners throughout the MENA. This will occur mainly due to the transformative nature of the interaction. Personal, direct contact with citizens from other culture and nations can break down stereotypical imagery and ideas, which often emerge the result of government and mainstream, corporate media discourses. The direct interaction, intensive collaboration and co-learning, and respectful dialogue of partnerships can create a level of compassionate interaction between the partnership participants who create the community of practice.

1) Commitment of institutions involved in the media partnership

Communities of practice cannot be created or sustained without commitment. Outlined hereafter are six keys to creating and sustaining successful online university education and training partnerships: 1) Commitment of partnership institutions; 2) Commitment and expertise of personnel; 3) Commitment to providing access to ICT and other facilities and resources to students and faculty at both partner institutions; 4) Commitment to engaging with professional media, journalism and civil society organizations; 5) Commitment to program development and enhancement; and 6) Commitment to sustainability.

First and foremost, partnerships can only be created and sustained if there is commitment on the parts of both participating institutions. In the case of the partnership described in this paper, several strong reasons attest to the importance of choice of university in a collaborative partnership. First, the Institut de Presse et des Sciences de l’Information (IPSI) at the University of Manouba, Tunisia is the only media and journalism university institute in the nation (MERST, 2002). Second, faculty and administration at IPSI are committed to the partnership at all levels. They have welcomed both face-to-face (F2F) and online participation between students and faculty and between students and students at both universities. Institutional commitment has also resulted in internal and external support for the program. While the Middle East Partnership Initiative, a U.S. State Department program, as provided a highly competitive grant of $100,000 US (See Appendix 2) A significant cost-share (220%, or $220,000) in support of the partnership program has been provided primarily by BGSU, with additional support from civil society and private sector partners. In adherence to the university’s commitment to international education and exchange, several BGSU units have articulated their support of the program. The University Provost, the Executive Vice President, and Deans of three different Colleges have expressed their commitment.

2) Commitment and expertise of personnel

Along with commitment at the institutional level, primarily by directors and key leadership of each institution, a second key to successful partnerships is the commitment and expertise of the faculty who will develop, implement, and sustain the partnership program. The IPSI-BGSU partnership, for example, emerged from the long-standing relationships originally developed by U.S. Partnership Co-Director when she was a Fulbright Researcher in women and media in Tunisia, 1993-1994.2 Ten years after her first in-country work in Tunisia, issues surrounding media, democracy and the information society remain a challenge for that nation and elsewhere in the MENA. Thus, the rationale for the partnership is that there is a great deal of mutual benefit of international educational exchange, of opportunities to learn first-hand about diverse practices in media and journalism from both partner institutions’ faculty and students, and to work together toward enhancing civil society in the MENA and abroad.

The partnership team members are widely published and nationally and internationally recognized. The partnership co-directors, coordinators and key administrators have each directed or co-directed international educational programs in China, Croatia, France, Great Britain, Austria, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the MENA. Finally, partnership co-directors’ expertise in women and the media, particularly in the MENA (see Azouz, 2005; Azouz, 1994; Lengel, 1998; Lengel, 2000; Lengel, 2002; Newsom & Lengel, 2003) was crucial to the success of the “Women, Media and Democracy” workshop, detailed below.

3. Commitment to providing access to resources

A third key to successful partnerships is the commitment to providing access to ICT and other facilities and resources to students and faculty at both partner institutions. IPSI students are exposed to the digital audiovisual equipmen